Analisis Polusi Cahaya di Indonesia Berdasarkan Parameter Lingkungan Menggunakan Algoritma K-Means Clustering dan Feature Importance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54706/senastindo.v7.2025.420Keywords:
K-Means, Polusi Cahaya, Feature ImportanceAbstract
Polusi cahaya merupakan pencemaran lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh pencahayaan buatan yang berlebihan dan tidak terarah, sehingga mengganggu keseimbangan ekologi, kesehatan manusia, dan pengamatan astronomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat polusi cahaya di Indonesia berdasarkan parameter lingkungan menggunakan pendekatan berbasis data yang mengintegrasikan algoritma K-Means Clustering dan analisis Feature Importance berbasis model Decision Tree. Penelitian ini menggunakan data observasi Globe at Night yang dikumpulkan antara tahun 2022 dan 2024, yang terdiri dari 1.094 titik observasi di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia dengan variabel kunci meliputi Limiting Magnitude, Cloud Cover, dan Elevation. Kerangka metodologis yang digunakan meliputi langkah-langkah praproses data seperti pembersihan, transformasi variabel kategoris, dan normalisasi untuk memastikan hasil analisis yang seimbang dan reliabel. K-Means Clustering mengidentifikasi tiga kategori utama: Cluster 1, yang mewakili area polusi cahaya tinggi (Limiting Magnitude rendah dan Cloud Cover tinggi); Cluster 0, yang mewakili polusi sedang; dan Cluster 2, yang mewakili area langit gelap dengan tingkat polusi rendah. Analisis Kepentingan Fitur menunjukkan bahwa Tutupan Awan merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh dengan nilai kontribusi 0,73, diikuti oleh Magnitudo Batas (0,27), sementara Elevasi memiliki dampak yang tidak signifikan. Temuan ini menekankan bahwa faktor meteorologi memiliki pengaruh yang lebih besar daripada faktor topografi dalam menentukan intensitas polusi cahaya. Penelitian ini memberikan landasan ilmiah bagi pengambilan kebijakan berbasis bukti tentang pengelolaan pencahayaan buatan dan berkontribusi pada pengembangan strategi konservasi langit malam yang berkelanjutan di Indonesia.
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